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A procedural language follows a sequence of statements or commands in order to achieve a desired output. Each series of steps is called a procedure, and a program written in one of these languages will have one or more procedures within it. Common examples of procedural languages include:

C and C++
Java
Pascal
BASIC

This type of language treats a program as a group of objects composed of data and program elements, known as attributes and methods. Objects can be reused within a program or in other programs. This makes it a popular language type for complex programs, as code is easier to reuse and scale. Some common object-oriented programming (OOP) languages include:

Java
Python
PHP
C++
Ruby

Programmers use scripting languages to automate repetitive tasks, manage dynamic web content, or support processes in larger applications. Some common scripting languages include:

PHP
Python
bash
Perl
Node.js

Instead of telling a computer what to do, a logic programming language expresses a series of facts and rules to instruct the computer on how to make decisions. Some examples of logic languages include:

Prolog
Absys
Datalog

Rather than focusing on the execution of statements, functional languages focus on the output of mathematical functions and evaluations. Each function–a reusable module of code–performs a specific task and returns a result. The result will vary depending on what data you input into the function. Some popular functional programming languages include:

Scala
Erlang
Haskell

Front-end languages are primarily concerned with the ‘user’ aspect of the software. The front end deals with all of the text, colors, buttons, images, and navigation that the user will face when navigating your website or application. Anyone with a background in graphic design or art may be more inspired to begin learning one of the front-end languages. Some examples of front-end programming languages include:

HTML
CSS
JavaScript
React

Back-end languages deal with storage and manipulation of the server side of software. This is the part of the software that the user does not directly come into contact with but supports their experience behind the scenes. This includes data architecture, scripting, and communication between applications and underlying databases.
Anyone with experience in mathematics or engineering may find more interest in back-end development.
Some examples of back-end programming languages include:

PHP
Java
Python
C#

A full-stack developer combines their knowledge of both front- and back-end languages, along with other technical skills and expertise, to work on any part of the development process.

The biggest factor that differentiates high- and low-level programming languages is whether the language is meant to be easily understood by a human programmer or a computer. Low-level languages are machine-friendly, which makes them highly efficient in terms of memory usage but difficult to understand without the help of an assembler. Since they're not very people-friendly, they're also not widely used anymore. Examples include machine code and assembly languages. High-level languages, on the other hand, are less memory efficient but much more human friendly. This makes them easier to write, understand, maintain, and debug. Most popular programming languages in use today are considered high-level languages. :
PHP
Java
Python
C#

The distinction between interpreted and compiled languages has to do with how they convert high-level code and make it readable by a computer. With interpreted languages, code goes through a program called an interpreter, which reads and executes the code line by line. This tends to make these languages more flexible and platform independent. Examples of interpreted languages include:

Python
JavaScript
PHP
Ruby

Compiled languages go through a build step where the entire program is converted into machine code. This makes it faster to execute, but it also means that you have to compile or "build" the program again anytime you need to make a change. Examples of compiled languages include:

C, C++, and C#
Rust
Erlang

Client-side development :sometimes referred to as front-end development, is a type of development that involves programs that run on a client's or user's device. Client-side developers focus on creating the part of a website with which the user interacts.
This type of development focuses on the front part of an application that users can see. Client-side developers complete a variety of tasks, including:
Creating website layouts Designing user interfaces Adding form validation Reviewing the performance of websites Adding visual design elements like colors and fonts Making website features more functional Resolving any issues that users encounter on a site
Client-side programming languages People in careers like web design and user experience design focus on client-side development. Client-side developers use specific programming languages, including:

HTML: HTML, which stands for hypertext markup language, is the standard language for web development. HTML builds a website's structure and renders a website in a browser.
CSS: CSS, which stands for Cascading Style Sheets, is a design language that developers use to add visual design elements to a website coded in HTML. Developers can use CSS to make their websites look more visually appealing on users' devices.
JavaScript: JavaScript is a scripting language that developers can use for web development, web applications and other purposes. Developers can use JavaScript to make websites dynamic and interactive.
Server-side development, sometimes called back-end development, is a type of development that involves programs that run on a server. This type of programming is important because web browsers, or clients, interact with web servers to retrieve information. Users don't see this development because it happens on servers. Common server-side tasks include:
Coding dynamic websites Developing web applications Connecting websites to databases Implementing content management systems Making sure programs retrieve information properly Ensuring systems are safe from hackers Restoring and backing up files
database administrators and web developers typically use server-side development. Server-side developers can use many programming languages, including:

Java: Java is an object-oriented programming language that developers can use for a variety of purposes, including software and application development.
Python: Python is an object-oriented, general-purpose programming language that developers can use for web development, application development, operating systems and other purposes. Python has applications in data science, finance, computing and other fields.
SQL: SQL, which stands for Structured Query Language, is the industry-standard language for interacting with databases. Developers can use SQL to manipulate data in databases, including updating, retrieving and deleting data.
PHP: PHP, which stands for Hypertext Preprocessor, is a scripting language developers use to create websites and web applications. PHP can connect to databases to display content on websites.

The term cloud refers to a network or the internet. It is a technology that uses remote servers on the internet to store, manage, and access data online rather than local drives. The data can be anything such as files, images, documents, audio, video, and more. There are the following operations that we can do using cloud computing: Developing new applications and services Storage, back up, and recovery of data Hosting blogs and websites Delivery of software on demand Analysis of data
Java
PHP
Net
Python
Ruby
JS

Machine learning is a modern-day discipline that utilizes statistics, algorithms, probability to extract the best out of data and offer insightful information that can be leveraged to create intelligent applications. Being a strong part of AI, it has a pool of algorithms and methods that connect the data depending upon the patterns and analytical methods.
Machine learning has a stringent focus on pattern recognition, predictive analytics, data mining and has a close association with big data and data analytics. It has the power to enable machines to mimic human decision-making through mathematical models and advanced prediction statistics.
Machine learning basically consists of three types – Supervised (based on labeled data), Unsupervised (based on unlabelled data, hidden patterns), and Reinforcement learning (based on learning from mistakes, trials, errors).
Machine Learning Uses:
Self-driving autonomous cars
Speech translation
Face recognition
Sentiment analysis
Social media analysis
Financial trading
Fraud detection
Product recommendation
Medical diagnosis and predictions
Companies Using Machine Learning:
Google
Facebook
Pinterest
Twitter
Apple
Intel
Microsoft
IBM
It is debatable as to how much knowledge of programming languages is needed to implement machine learning models with effectiveness. It totally depends on the type of usage and what type of real-world problems are being solved. To explore the best of machine learning, it is vital to have basic knowledge of programming languages and their salient features like algorithms, data structures, logic, memory management, etc. Of course, machine learning has its own set of libraries to act upon that makes it easy for programmers to implement machine learning logic along with certain standard programming languages.
There are many programming languages around the globe, that raise the question of what programming language is best for machine learning. Here is a list of the best programming language for Machine learning.
Python
R Programming
JavaScript
java
Scala
C/C++
TypeScript

Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a software think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think.
AI is accomplished by studying how human brain thinks, and how humans learn, decide, and work while trying to solve a problem, and then using the outcomes of this study as a basis of developing intelligent software and systems.
AI programming involves developing tools, software, or programs that possess the ability to learn from extensive datasets, enabling them to predict outcomes, make limited decisions, and effectively address particular challenges.
Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words Artificial and Intelligence, where Artificial defines "man-made," and intelligence defines "thinking power", hence AI means "a man-made thinking power." So, we can define AI as:
"It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines which can behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make decisions."
Artificial Intelligence exists when a machine can have human based skills such as learning, reasoning, and solving problems
With Artificial Intelligence you do not need to preprogram a machine to do some work, despite that you can create a machine with programmed algorithms which can work with own intelligence, and that is the awesomeness of AI.
It is believed that AI is not a new technology, and some people says that as per Greek myth, there were Mechanical men in early days which can work and behave like humans.
Organizations can use AI programming to boost efficiency by automating repetitive tasks, allowing employees to focus on core activities. AI can also provide valuable insight by quickly analyzing vast amounts of data and discovering easily overlooked patterns and behaviors. As a result, companies can use the information to make effective data-driven decisions, deliver personalized customer experiences, and much more.
AI coders can work in many industries. Depending on their specialization, an AI developer requires a good understanding of programming languages like
Python<
JavaScript
R
Java
C++
Knowing how to use AI frameworks (like TensorFlow, Keras, and PyTorch) is also important.

Robots are by far the most efficient use of modern science. Robots not only reduce human labor but also execute error-free activities. Many businesses are expressing an interest in robotics. Automated machines have gained popularity in recent years. Keeping the situation in mind, we shall discuss robotic computer languages. So, in order for robots to do tasks, they must be programmed. Robot programming is the process through which robots acquire instructions from computers. A robotic programmer must be fluent in several programming languages.
Python
C++
Java
.NET
MATLAB

Software developers should know multiple programming languages to compete for high-level roles. Browse the best programming languages for software development.
Programming languages allow developers to communicate with computers. Software development professionals need to know at least one programming language to build and modify products like software systems, scripts, and mobile applications. However, professionals should know multiple languages to compete in their field.
Developers should choose to learn languages appropriate for the types of products they build and the sectors they hope to work in. For example, Java can be an ideal language for mobile app development. Python and C# are frequently used to create computer software. And JavaScript, HTML, and CSS are excellent languages for front-end development.
backend languages PHP
Java
Python
C#

The most popular languages used to build an Android chat application are Java and Kotlin. These languages are utilized in the advancement toolkit containing SDKs, emulators, and debuggers. The SDKs, emulators, and debuggers that make up the development toolkit make use of these languages. These languages are likewise upheld by Android’s Gradle build system which permits developers to add third-party libraries to their applications utilizing a Gradle package directive. This ensures that Java and Kotlin are extremely compatible with third-party components, making it simple to create plug-and-play applications.
Java
kotian
Python
php

To create a smooth and immersive game experience, you want a language that is: Fast and lightweight: players expect a game to run smoothly, without stutters or lags Robust: the best languages for creating video games can support large volumes of data and complex graphics Widely used: the more widely used and supported a language is, the easier it will be to import assets (like graphics) during development The coding languages we’re about to explore exhibit these traits and are great options for programming for games. Each language, however, still has its own advantages and disadvantages. Some languages might be more versatile, but more difficult to learn. Others may be less robust, but easier to learn. You’ll have to see which ones may be the best tools to help you achieve your goals. C++ JavaScript Java Python

Database languages, also known as query languages or data query languages, are a classification of programming languages that developers use to define and access databases, which are collections of organized data that users can access electronically. These languages allow users to complete tasks such as controlling access to data, defining and updating data and searching for information within the database management system (DBMS). A DBMS is a piece of technology that interacts with users, applications and the database to record and analyze data while also manipulating the database to offer a way to store, access and retrieve data.
A DBMS provides necessary database languages that allow users to express database updates and queries, which are requests for data. There are different examples of database languages available, including SQL, which is the standard programming language for many databases. Database languages comprise four sublanguages that serve different functions to execute tasks.
What Is DBMS? Database Management Systems, Explained
4 categories of database languages Here are four types of database languages and their uses:
1. Data definition language (DDL) Data definition language (DDL) creates the framework of the database by specifying the database schema, which is the structure that represents the organization of data. Its common uses include the creation and alteration of tables, files, indexes and columns within the database. This language also allows users to rename or drop the existing database or its components. Here's a list of DDL statements:
CREATE: Creates a new database or object, such as a table, index or column ALTER: Changes the structure of the database or object
DROP: Deletes the database or existing objects
RENAME: Renames the database or existing objects 2. Data manipulation language (DML)
Data manipulation language (DML)
provides operations that handle user requests, offering a way to access and manipulate the data that users store within a database. Its common functions include inserting, updating and retrieving data from the database. Here's a list of DML statements:
INSERT: Adds new data to the existing database table UPDATE: Changes or updates values in the table
DELETE: Removes records or rows from the table
SELECT: Retrieves data from the table or multiple tables
3. Data control language (DCL) Data control language (DCL) controls access to the data that users store within a database. Essentially, this language controls the rights and permissions of the database system. It allows users to grant or revoke privileges to the database. Here's a list of DCL statements:
GRANT: Gives a user access to the database
REVOKE: Removes a user's access to the database
4. Transaction control language (TCL) Transaction control language (TCL) manages the transactions within a database. Transactions group a set of related tasks into a single, executable task. All the tasks must succeed in order for the transaction to work. Here's a list of TCL statements:
COMMIT: Carries out a transaction ROLLBACK: Restores a transaction if any tasks fail to execute S**AVEPOINT**: Sets a point in a transaction to save

Examples of database languages
SQL,SQLi, SQLite MongoDB Redis MariaDB Oracle Elastic Search

Python is an object-oriented (based around data), high-level (easier for humans to understand) programming language. First launched in 1992, it’s built in a way that it’s relatively intuitive to write and understand. As such, it’s an ideal coding language for those who want rapid development.
If you’re wondering who uses Python, you’ll find that many of the biggest organisations in the world implement it in some form. NASA, Google, Netflix, Spotify, and countless more all use the language to help power their services.
Why is Python so popular? According to the TIOBE index, which measures the popularity of programming languages, Python is the third most popular programming language in the world, behind only Java and C. There are many reasons for the ubiquity of Python, including:
Its ease of use. For those who are new to coding and programming, Python can be an excellent first step. It’s relatively easy to learn, making it a great way to start building your programming knowledge.
Its simple syntax. Python is relatively easy to read and understand, as its syntax is more like English. Its straightforward layout means that you can work out what each line of code is doing.
Its thriving community. As it’s an open-source language, anyone can use Python to code. What’s more, there is a community that supports and develops the ecosystem, adding their own contributions and libraries.
Its versatility. As we’ll explore in more detail, there are many uses for Python. Whether you’re interested in data visualisation, artificial intelligence or web development, you can find a use for the language.
Why is Python so popular?
According to the TIOBE index, which measures the popularity of programming languages, Python is the third most popular programming language in the world, behind only Java and C. There are many reasons for the ubiquity of Python, including:
Its ease of use. For those who are new to coding and programming, Python can be an excellent first step. It’s relatively easy to learn, making it a great way to start building your programming knowledge.
Its simple syntax. Python is relatively easy to read and understand, as its syntax is more like English. Its straightforward layout means that you can work out what each line of code is doing.
Its thriving community. As it’s an open-source language, anyone can use Python to code. What’s more, there is a community that supports and develops the ecosystem, adding their own contributions and libraries.
Its versatility. As we’ll explore in more detail, there are many uses for Python. Whether you’re interested in data visualisation, artificial intelligence or web development, you can find a use for the language.
1. AI and machine learning
2. Data analytics
3. Data visualisation
4. Programming applications
5. Web development

Companies across the globe use Java to build the applications and websites they offer their consumers. Learning this programming language means you’ve completed one of the prerequisites that could qualify you for a career in software or app development.
Java is a platform-independent, object-oriented programming language (OOP). It is not to be confused with JavaScript, a scripting language used to create dynamic web pages. Due to its reliability and ease of use, Java is one of the most popular programming languages in the world. It's likely to be one of the first programming languages you encounter as an aspiring application developer.
Tasks commonly performed with Java A significant benefit to Java is the wide range of tasks it can be used to perform. It is highly beneficial for tasks and projects requiring both high performance and quick turnaround. Here are a few of the most common tasks for which Java is best suited:
Building and running mobile applications
Building and scaling cloud applications
Developing chatbots and other marketing tools
Powering enterprise-level web applications
Supporting artificial intelligence (AI) and internet of things (IoT) devices
What are the features of Java?
Several Java features can be attributed to the simplicity, security, and portability of the language. The following list outlines nine of these key features.
Robust: Java places emphasis on helping users achieve error-free programming. One example of a process that supports this goal is runtime checking (RTC). RTC automatically detects and alerts users to runtime errors.
Simple: Java is designed to be easy to learn. With the proper training and practice, it can also be easy to master. Its combination of automatic and structurally stable processes enables novice developers to build applications relatively easily.
Object-oriented: Everything is seen as an object in the Java programming language. Each object belongs to a class and is uniquely characterized by its identity, state, and behavior.
Multithreaded: Java programs and applications benefit from its multithreaded nature. The multithreading process enables you to run programs separately yet execute them simultaneously. Additionally, threads share a common memory area, reducing the load on the central processing unit (CPU).
Secure: The secure nature of the Java programming language is one of its most lauded features. By default, Java provides several layers of security that enable you as a developer to create and run virus-free coding environments. Security components include Java having no explicit pointer, the separation of local and imported class packages by the classloader, and the compilation of Java programs into bytecode, to name a fe
Platform-independent: Java sets itself apart from other programming languages by being a language that, once written, can run on any platform. With Java, there is no need for you to write separate code for Mac, Linux, or Windows. Instead, Java is a software-based language. Its code is compiled, converted into bytecode, then executed on any platform of your choosing.
Portable: This feature goes hand-in-hand with Java’s platform independence and is related to the ability to execute the language’s bytecode on any platform without implementation.
Architecturally neutral: Java is said to be architecturally neutral because its bytecode interpreter can be employed on any platform. Code is free of dependencies and variants, and instructions from Java code are not directly executed onto the platform it is running on.
Distributed: Java employs a distributed language system that allows you to securely move and access code between different machines. This makes Java fully compatible with any programming environment. It also simultaneously enables it to support high bandwidth requirements, reduce latency, and increase output.
Companies that use Java
There is no shortage of companies or brands that use Java to power their applications, software, and websites. Some of the biggest names in social media, tech, and a plethora of other industries have selected Java as their programming language of choice. The list below offers a few examples you may be familiar with.
Airbnb: For the backend/server-side development of its website and Android app
Pinterest: For application and data processing, along with other languages
Uber: To develop and maintain the entirety of its software that processes ride data
Spotify: For the backend of this music streaming platform
Slack: For its backend, including the development of Slack SDK for Java
Amazon: For software development, including Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Google: For its Google Web Toolkit, Android apps, and Gmail
Microsoft: To help develop its web browser Edge and its Visual Studio Code
eBay: To run the backend of its website
Meta: For backend programming and Android app development for its social media platforms, such as Facebook and Instagram
Netflix: For running the backend of this movie streaming website

JavaScript (JS) is a cross-platform, object-oriented programming language used by developers to make web pages interactive. It allows developers to create dynamically updating content, use animations, pop-up menus, clickable buttons, control multimedia, etc. The use of JavaScript can be both on the client-side and server-side. While HTML and CSS languages are used to give structure and style to web pages, JavaScript is used to add interactive elements that engage users. Without JavaScript, 90% of Internet webpages would be static.
JavaScript is everywhere on the web. It is the most used programming language, with 97.7% of all websites using JavaScript as a client-side programming language. As a result, JavaScript skills are a must-have if you’re looking to get a job as a web developer.
Kickstart your web development career by learning about the use of JavaScript, what makes JavaScript so popular, the practical applications of JavaScript, and tips on how to become a JavaScript professional
What Makes JavaScript So Popular?
Nearly every computing device that we use today has the use of JavaScript – iPhones, Androids, Mac OS, Windows, Linux, and Smart TVs. The significant reasons why JavaScript became universally adopted for web development include:
It can be used both in the front-end and back-end of web development Serves everyone from beginners to intermediate and even advanced developers
Can run on all devices It does not need an environment setup Standardized and gets frequently updated with new versions Open Standards and Community
Works with Document Object Model (DOM) for response to user interactions Transformed web browsers into application platforms Wide range of frameworks and libraries to help build complex applications What is JavaScript used for?
Javascript can be used for things that don’t involve web browsers at all. Let’s take a look at some of the places you might decide to use it.
1. Mobile Apps Thanks to some of the frameworks we’ve already touched on, JavaScript developers can create products for both iOS and Android using the same basic skill set. Creating Android games is usually an excellent place for aspiring developers to get started.
2. Interactive maps JavaScript is perfect when it comes to creating maps. They can be zoomable and overlain with information about given locations. JavaScript can even be used to create maps of locations that don’t exist in the real world!
3. Virtual reality
VR is a relatively new and exciting field, with limits that are only just beginning to be explored. It’s being used by everyone, from gamers to surgeons to interior designers. JavaScript offers a powerful means of working with VR; if you’d like to see how, you can check out our course on How to Construct a Virtual Reality Experience, from Lancaster University.
4. Booking systems
If you need guests at a restaurant to be able to book a table for a given time, then you’re probably going to be breaking out some JavaScript.
You might even present an interactive plan of a restaurant, indicating which tables are open at what time. The same advantages apply to cinemas, theatres, theme parks and just about every other attraction.
5. Games
Browser-based games are possible with the help of JavaScript. They don’t even have to be two-dimensional games — just about everything is possible. If you’re looking into web-based games or any type of software development, then check out our course on Software Development Fundamentals: Programming Languages and HTML.
If you’d like a more focussed look at game design, you might alternatively consider Video Game Design and Development, or the Raspberry Pi Foundation’s Create Your Own Adventure Game.
6.Animations
If you need visual elements to move around, then Javascript will help you to do it. Javascript animations are very lightweight and can be tweaked to suit the displaying device. Animations can also be interactive — and infinitely zoomable.
7. Data visualisation
In our article on Python, we mentioned how Python is great for displaying fancy charts and graphs. The same is true of JavaScript. If you have a lot of data that you’d like to showcase, then JavaScript offers myriad ways of getting it across.

As we discussed in our article about what different programming languages are used for, Structured Query Language, or SQL for short, is a programming language that communicates with databases. The intention of SQL (often pronounced sequel) is to store, retrieve, manage and manipulate data within a database management system.
SQL was developed by IBM in the early 1970s and became commercially available in 1979. It is globally accepted as the standard relational database management system (RDBMS).
It uses sets of keywords to retrieve data from databases, and these keywords are called statements. Later, we’ll take a look at some of the statements available in SQL.
What is a database?
Databases are all around us, with almost every company and business needing to store information digitally. A database is a collection of organised data that can be easily stored, sorted, retrieved and searched.
There are a variety of database types, and which type you use will be dependent on the type of data you wish to store. Let’s look at a few popular database types:
Relational databases – these databases are laid out in rows and columns, store and provide data in multiple tables, and allow you to identify and access the data in relation to one another. All relational databases use SQL. Microsoft SQL Server is an example of a relational database management system.
NoSQL databases – this encompasses any database that does not use SQL as its primary language. These databases are better suited for those who do not want their data as structured. We’ll talk more about these databases later. CouchDB is an example of a NoSQL database.
Cloud databases – these are any database that runs within the cloud, access to these databases is provided as a service. They are low maintenance and offer flexibility. Oracle Autonomous Database is an example of a cloud database.
Time series databases – these are databases that have been optimised for time-stamped data, which offers more accurate insights. Druid is an example of a time series database. What is SQL used for?
So, now you know what SQL is, you might be wondering what it is used for. As we mentioned earlier, it is a programming language used to communicate with relational databases. But let’s explore that a little further.
SQL allows you to query the database in a variety of ways, using English-like statements. It’s used on websites for back-end data storage and data processing solutions (for example, Facebook uses SQL).
Other than Facebook, you can expect SQL to be used within music apps like Spotify, banking apps like Revolut and other social media platforms such as Twitter and Instagram. SQL is the most commonly used database language, so it can be used for almost any company that needs to store relational data.
Queries within SQL are used to retrieve data from the database, but the queries vary in efficiency. This is due to the fact that many databases have their own system-specific additional proprietary extensions.
Essentially, SQL provides CRUD functionality for databases. What does CRUD stand for?
Create
Read
Update
Delete.
Types of SQL commands
The language can be broken down into four types of SQL commands – DDL, DML, DQL and DCL. Let’s look at each of these sections.
DDL (data definition language) – this is used to create and modify database objects like tables, users, and indices.
DML (data manipulation language) – this is used to delete, add, and modify data within databases.
DCL (data control language) – this is used to control access to any data within a database.
DQL (data query language) – this is used to perform queries on the data and find information, and is composed of COMMAND statements only.
There are tools available to help you write SQL, some of these tools include Microsoft’s SQL Server Management Studio, DataGrip, Oracle’s SQL developer, SQL Workbench and Toad. SQL vs NoSQL
NoSQL databases came to prominence in the late 2000s in order to accommodate data with less need for an upfront structure. These types of databases tend to be easier for developers, as they sometimes have faster queries and more flexible data models.
In comparison, SQL-based databases are used specifically for relational data. They allow for flexible query use, are well structured and have a reduced data storage footprint. SQL databases are far more common than NoSQL, but frequently they are used together.
There are some major differences between the two, these include:
Scalability – NoSQL databases tend to be horizontally scalable, whereas SQL databases are more often vertically scalable. This means that NoSQL databases can often handle higher traffic numbers.
Structure – SQL databases have a table-based structure, but NoSQL databases can be graph-based, document-based or wide column stores. SQL databases are better suited for multi-row transactions.
Knowledge and community – There is a huge range of information and communities available for SQL since it is more common and has been around for longer. NoSQL does not share this number of forums and resources, so it may be harder to seek help when needed.

Aspiring software developers are always curious about what programming language skills to learn. There are hundreds of languages to learn but it is important that you pick up the right ones.
Some languages are always in more demand than others. A study by Coding Dojo suggests that Python, Java, JavaScript, C/C++ and Ruby are the five most popular programming languages used by the top companies. Here are programming languages used by top tech companies.
1. Amazon
Java, JavaScript, C++, Ruby, Swift
2. Apple
JavaScript, Python, Java, Perl, Ruby, PHP
3. Google
Front-end: JavaScript, TypeScript. Back-end: C, C++, Python, Java, Go. Database: Bigtable, MariaDB.
4. Facebook
Front-end: JavaScript. Back-end: Python, Java, Haskell, PHP, Hack, XHP, Erlang, C++. Database: MariaDB, HBase, MySQL, Cassandra.
5. IBM
Java, Groovy, Swift
6. YouTube
Front-end: JavaScript. Back-end: C, C++, Python, Java, Go. Database: Bigtable, MariaDB, Vitess
7. Twitter
Front-end: JavaScript. Back-end: C++, Scala, Java, Ruby. Database: MySQL.
8. JP Morgan
Java, JavaScript, Python, Perl, Swift, Ruby.
9. Dell
JavaScript, C++, C#, Python, Perl
10. HPE
C, C++, Python